更新时间:2016-03-29

量子力学揭秘:Quantum effects

(双缝实验)
根据量子力学,我们不能把穿越过狭缝的物体形容为一个实体对象。我们唯一能说的是,这些电子可能具有概率,这种概率波以某种方式穿越两条狭缝,并形成干涉,就如同水波那样,当其达到屏幕时,刚才那具有灵魂般概率的电子,又神秘地变回实体。
Quantum mechanics says this ,we can't describe what's travelling as a physical object.All we can talk about are the chances of where the electron might be.This wave of chance somehow travels through both slits producing interference just like the water wave.Then when it hits the screen,what was just the ghostly possibility of an electron mysterious becomes real.

在某种意义上,当硬币旋转时,它可以同时处于正和反的状态。同样的,电子以概率波的形式,同时穿过两个狭缝。硬币停在了正的状态,只有在幽灵般的概率波到达屏幕之时,才变成了粒子。量子的世界与我们所见到的一切都不相同。
In a sense,as it spins,the coin is both heads and tails.Similarly,the electron's wave of chance passes through both slits,two paths at the same time.Our coin then stops at heads.The ethereal wave of probability hits the screen and only then becomes a particle.The quantum world was unlike anything ever seen before.


玻尔声称,在测量之前,我们无法得知电子的确切位置,还不仅仅只是无法得知电子位置,更奇怪的是电子本身同时处于各处。
Bohr was effectively claiming that one can never know where the electron actually is at all until you measure it and it's not just that you don't know where the electron is,it's weirdly as though the electron itself is everywhere at once.

请记住电子是现实世界最普遍,最根本的基石,然而玻尔却说只有通过观测,我们才能使它们的位置变成真实存在。
Bear in mind that electrons are among the commonest and most basic building blocks of reality and yet here's Bohr saying that only by looking,do we actually conjure their position into existence.

我们与量子世界之间似乎隔着一道帷幕,而在帷幕的后面,没有确定的实在,只有可能的实在。事情只有在我们拉开帷幕观察时,才变得真实。
It‘s like there's a curtain between us and the quantum world and behind it there is no solid reality...Just the potential for reality.Things only become real when we pull back the curtain and look.

在最基本的量子领域,实在性是不可知的。
At the fundamental quantum level,reality is truly unknown.

两个纠缠光子的特性,不可能在一开始就被决定了(Einstein决定论),而是在我们测量时才真实存在。
The two entangled photon's properties couldn't have been set from the beginning,but are summoned into existence only when we measure them.

Everything we call real is made of things we cannot call real. —— Niels Bohr

John Bell——
Bohr was inconsistent,unclear,wilfully obscure and right.
Einstein was consistent,clear,down-to-earth and wrong.


在这奇妙的量子生物学世界,生命只是一场概率游戏,而规则油量子力学所掌控。
In the fantastic world of quantum biology,life is a game of chance,played by quantum rules.

近些年来,一些极其精准的实验显示,亚原子粒子确实存在纠缠。这就意味着,两者即使在宇宙两端也能瞬间影响着彼此。(阴阳太极)
In recent years,extremely delicate experiments have shown that subatomic particles really are entangled.It means they can subtly and instantaneously influence each other across space.

一对所谓的纠缠电子,每个电子都具有两种可能的状态。除非我测量它们,否则二者不分彼此,但却又能同时区分开来。(硬币/转盘)
An entangled pair of electrons.Here's how it works.Each electron has two possible states.Until I measure it,it's neither one nor the other,but both at the same time.

要打破化学键,需要足够多的能量达到阈值。物理学家们有个有趣的说法“不断努力才能办到事”,即必须达到一个能量阈值。
To break a bond apart,it needs enough energy to get over the barrier.Physicists have a fancy wey of saying"Put in effort to get something done”.They say you have to overcome an energy barrier.

在量子世界中,质子无须达到能量阈值。它们能直接 穿越过去。隧穿效应直击量子世界的奇妙核心。量子既有能量阻断,也能从一个地方隧穿到别处。它们不像日常生活中所见到的实实在在的物体,比如球,它们以古怪的类波行为像外传播,让它们能穿透能量阈值。粒子能在能量阈值的一侧消失,而同时在另一侧出现。在核物理学中,这个现象已被证实。没有量子隧穿效应,连太阳也无法闪耀。
In the quantum world,protons don't have to go over barriers.They can tunnel...straight through.Tunnelling strikes at the very heart of what is most strange about quantum mechanics.A quantum particle can tunnel from one place to another even if it has to pass through an impenetrable barrier.They are not solid objects like balls in our everyday world.They have spread out,fuzzy,wavelike behavior that allows them to leak through an energy barrier.A particle can disappear on one side of the barrier and instantaneous reappear on the other.In nuclear physics,this effect is a proven fact.Without quantum tunnelling,the Sun simply wouldn't shine.

量子隧穿效应最重要的优势是它的速度,发生的极其讯速,比质子先达到阈值的过程快很多。像质子这样的亚原子粒子无时无刻不在发生着这种效应。
The most important advantage of tunnelling is it's speed.It happens incredibly quickly much faster than if protons go OVER the barrier.Subatomic particles like protons do it all the time.

不确定性原理 The uncertainty principle
电子波并不循着某一特定的路径,而是同时循着所有路径。
The exciton wave isn't just going this way or that way,it's following all paths at the same time.

我们永远不能确定新发现会引导我们走向何方。
We can't never be certain where new discoveries will take us next.








量子力学揭秘The Secrets of Quantum Physics(2014)

又名:量子的故事

主演:吉姆·艾尔-哈利利 Graham Farmelo 

导演:Tim Usborne